Definition: Law is the cement of the society and an essential medium of change.
Main divisions
Criminal law: offences and punishments.
Civil law: rights and remedies between persons.
Substantive law: defines rights and duties.
Procedural law: tells how to enforce rights in court.
Municipal (national) law: applies inside one country.
International law: governs relations between states.
Written law: statutes and Acts.
Unwritten law: customs and case law.
General law: applies to all persons.
Special law: applies to particular persons or situations.
Military law: rules for armed forces.
Relation and purpose
Substantive and procedural law work together.
Criminal law protects society.
Civil law protects individual interests.
UK court system
Supreme Court: highest court in the UK.
Court of Appeal: hears appeals from lower courts.
High Court: handles important civil cases and some appeals.
Divisions: Queen’s/King’s Bench, Chancery, Family.
Crown Court: serious criminal trials and appeals from magistrates.
County Courts: civil disputes at first instance.
Magistrates’ Courts: minor criminal cases and some civil matters.
Tribunals: specialised disputes (tax, employment, immigration).
Note: Higher courts create binding precedents for lower courts.
Public law: law about the state and public.
Private law: law between private persons.
Common law: law developed by judges and precedents.
Equity: fairness-based rules and remedies.
Equity corrects strict common law rules.
*****
No comments:
Post a Comment