FA3A SAMPLE ANSWERS
PART – A – (2x10=20)
Answer TWO of the following in about 200
words each.
(a)
Explain ‘Obiter
Dicta’ and ‘Ratio Decidenti’ in detail by applying the case law examples of
Wilkinson v. Downton and Janvier v. Sweeney.
Ø Ratio Decidenti
Ø Obiter Dictum
Ø Divergent opinions
Ø The hierarchy of Authority
Ø Circumstances affecting the weight
of a decision as a precedent
(b)
Differentiate Moot Court Competition and Mock Trials
by highlighting their processes of conduction.
Ø Arrangement of moots
Ø Moot court procedure
Ø Presentation of the case
Ø Citation of cases
Ø The role of judges
Ø Mock trials
Ø The game of Alibi
Ø False Evidence
Ø Third degree
(c) Discuss the principles
provided by Glanville Williams in “Methods of Study”.
Ø Textbooks
Ø Cases and Materials Books
Ø Lectures and classes
Ø Taking Notes
Ø Using shorthand
Ø The study of history
PART – B – (2x5=10)
2.
Write short notes on TWO of the following.
(a) Intonation and Stress.
Ø What is Stress?
Ø Word Stress
Ø Sentence Stress
Ø What is Intonation?
Ø Falling Intonation
Ø Raising Intonation
Ø Partial Intonation
(b) Three divisions of High
Court.
Ø
Queen’s
Bench Division
Ø
The
Chancery division
Ø
The
Family Division
(c) French and Latin in
English Law.
Ø The
students misunderstand the legal terms.
Ø While
writing answers in exam, they translate them in a wrong sense. For e.g. a
student says ‘en ventre sa mere’ (unborn child) has the same meaning of
‘loco parentis’ (in place of the parent).
Ø Another student suggests that ‘fructus
naturales’ (perennial plants) means illegitimate children, and that ‘animus
revertendi’ (the intention to return) means the transmigration of souls.
Ø Because of this, Williams suggests the law
students to learn Latin & French.
Ø Difference of opinion arises when using other
languages in legal proceedings – but some things cannot be explained briefly
and effectively in English as Latin & French.
Ø The Proceedings in Courts of
Justices Act 1730 and the Administration of Justice (Language) Act (Ireland)
1737 were passed to abolish Latin & French.
PART – C – (15 Marks)
3. Use FIVE of the following Idioms and
Phrases in the sentences of your own. (5x1=5)
(a) By hook or by crook:
He said he would get a government job by hook or
by crook, even if it took years.
If you read between the lines of the minister’s speech, you’ll see he plans to raise taxes soon.
The builder and the officer were hands in glove
in approving illegal construction.
The electricity in our village comes on and off
during the summer.
In the match, India’s victory hung in the balance
till the last ball.
The political party was washing its dirty linen
in public by blaming the leaders of opposition on TV show.
There’s no love lost between the two
neighbours after fighting over the compound wall.
4.
Write sentences using FIVE of the following pairs of words. (5x1=5)
(a)
Apprehend:
The police
managed to apprehend the thief near the Chennai bus stand.
(b) Comprehend:
Many
students find it hard to comprehend old English poems in school.
(c) Beside:
A small tea
shop stands beside the post office in our village.
(d)
Besides:
Besides teaching, she also takes free
tuition for poor children.
(e)
Continual:
There were continual
power cuts during the monsoon last year.
(f)
Continuous:
The factory
runs in continuous shifts to meet the festival demand.
(g)
Industrial:
Coimbatore
is known for its industrial development in textile and engineering.
(h)
Industrious:
An industrious
student can succeed even with limited resources.
(i)
Popular:
Sachin
Tendulkar is one of the most popular cricketers in India.
(j)
Populace:
The local populace
celebrated the festival with music and fireworks.
(k)
Estimate:
The
contractor gave an estimate of two lakh rupees for the house painting.
(l) Esteem:
Dr. Kalam
was held in high esteem by people across India.
(m) Artful:
The
politician made an artful speech to win the crowd’s support.
(n)
Artificial:
These
flowers look real, but they are actually artificial.
5. Write a letter to concern
authority to complain about the improper waste disposal of a factory in your
area. (5 Marks)
Complaint
Letter
From
XXXX,
YYY Street,
ZZZ.
To
The
District Environmental Officer,
Tamil
Nadu Pollution Control Board,
ZZZ
District,
Tamil
Nadu.
Respected
Sir/Madam,
Subject:
Complaint Regarding Improper Waste Disposal by a Factory in Our Area
I wish to bring to your attention
the improper waste disposal practices of a footwear factory located at ABC
Colony, ZZZ village. The factory has been discharging liquid and solid waste
into the nearby open land and drainage system, causing severe foul smell and
health problems for the residents.
The waste has also contaminated the
groundwater and created unhygienic conditions, especially during the rainy
season. Despite repeated verbal complaints made to the local authorities, no
effective action has been taken so far.
I therefore request you to conduct
an immediate inspection of the factory and take necessary steps to ensure
proper waste management as per environmental safety norms. Your prompt action
will greatly help in maintaining a clean and healthy environment for the people
living in the area.
Thanking you.
Date: 6th
October 2025 Yours
faithfully,
Place:
ZZZ (Signature)
PART – D – (25 Marks)
6.
Identify the Vowels and Diphthongs in the following words. (10x1=10)
7.
Transcribe the following words. (5x1=5)
1. Truth /truːθ/
2. Practice /ˈpræktɪs/
3. Appeal /əˈpiːl/
4. Dismissal /dɪsˈmɪsl/
5. Ordinance /ˈɔːdɪnəns/
8.
Explain FIVE of the following legal terms. (5x2=10)
1.
Defamation:
Defamation
is the act of harming a person's reputation by making false statements about
them. In India, it can be civil or criminal under Sections 499 and 500 of the
Indian Penal Code (IPC). For example, if a newspaper falsely claims that a
local politician is involved in bribery, the politician can sue for defamation.
2.
Approver:
An
approver is an accused person in a criminal case who agrees to give evidence
against co-accused in exchange for a pardon. Under Section 306 of the Criminal
Procedure Code (CrPC), their testimony can be used to prosecute others. For
instance, if a member of a gang involved in a robbery turns approver, their
evidence can help convict the remaining members.
3.
Habeas Corpus:
Habeas
Corpus is a writ issued to safeguard personal liberty against unlawful
detention. The court orders the person holding another in custody to bring them
before the court. In India, if someone is illegally detained by the police,
they or their family can file a writ petition under Article 32 or 226 of the
Constitution to get them released.
4.
Breach of Contract:
A
breach of contract occurs when one party fails to fulfill the terms of a
legally binding agreement. Remedies include damages or specific performance
under the Indian Contract Act, 1872. For example, if a contractor fails to
complete a building on the agreed date, the client can sue for breach of
contract.
5.
Negligence:
Negligence
is a failure to exercise reasonable care, causing harm to another person. It
forms the basis of civil liability in India under tort law. For instance, if a
hospital gives a wrong medicine due to carelessness, it can be held liable for
negligence.
6.
Consent:
Consent
is the voluntary agreement by a person with full knowledge to a particular act.
In criminal law, consent is crucial in cases like sexual offences or medical
procedures. For example, performing a medical operation without a patient’s
consent can lead to legal action.
7.
Minor:
A
minor is a person below 18 years of age under the Indian Majority Act, 1875.
Minors cannot enter into contracts except for necessities or with the benefit
of the law. For instance, a 16-year-old cannot legally sell property or enter
into a business contract.
8.
Damages:
Damages
are monetary compensation awarded to a person for loss or injury caused by
another. In India, damages are awarded under civil law for breach of contract,
torts, or accidents. For example, if a car accident caused by another driver
injures someone, the court can award damages for medical expenses and
suffering.
